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<title>Convent</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Convent</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Convent_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Convent (disambiguation)">Convent (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

<p>A <b>convent</b> is an enclosed community of <a href="Monk" title="Monk">monks</a>, <a href="Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a>, <a href="Friar" title="Friar">friars</a> or <a href="Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">religious sisters</a>. Alternatively, <i>convent</i> means the building used by the community.

</p><p>The term is particularly used in the <a href="Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, <a href="Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran churches</a>, and the <a href="Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_usage">Etymology and usage</h2></div>

<p>The term <i>convent</i> derives via Old French from Latin <i>conventus</i>, perfect participle of the verb <i>convenio</i>, meaning "to convene, to come together". It was first used in this sense when the eremitical life began to be combined with the cenobitical. The original reference was to the gathering of mendicants who spent much of their time travelling. Technically, a <a href="Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> is a secluded community of monastics, whereas a friary or convent is a community of <a href="Mendicant_orders" title="Mendicant orders">mendicants</a> (which, by contrast, might be located in a city), and a <a href="Canonry" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonry">canonry</a> is a community of <a href="Canon_regular" title="Canon regular">canons regular</a>. The terms <a href="Abbey" title="Abbey">abbey</a> and <a href="Priory" title="Priory">priory</a> can be applied to both monasteries and canonries; an abbey is headed by an <a href="Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a>, and a priory is a lesser dependent house headed by a <a href="Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">prior</a>. In the <a href="Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, convents often provided to women a way to excel, as they were considered inferior to men.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In convents, women were educated and were able to write books and publish works on gardening or musicology<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or on religion and philosophy. The <a href="Abbess" title="Abbess">abbess</a> of a convent was often also involved in decisions of secular life and interacted with politicians and businessmen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike an <a href="Abbey" title="Abbey">abbey</a>, a convent is not placed under the responsibility of an abbot or an abbess, but of a superior or prior.

</p><p>In modern English usage, since about the 19th century, the term <i>convent</i> almost invariably refers to a community of women,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while monastery and <a href="Friary" class="mw-redirect" title="Friary">friary</a> are used for communities of men. In historical usage they are often interchangeable, with <i>convent</i> especially likely to be used for a friary. When applied to religious houses in <a href="Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> and <a href="Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, English refers to all houses of male religious as monasteries and of female religious as convents.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The mendicant orders appeared at the beginning of the 13th century with the growth of cities; they include in particular the <a href="Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a>, the <a href="Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a>, the <a href="Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a>, and the <a href="Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a>. While the <a href="Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> monks and their various variants devoted themselves to their agricultural properties, the <a href="Mendicant_friars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendicant friars">mendicant friars</a> settled from the start in the cities, or in the suburbs thereof, preferably in the poorer and more densely populated districts. They therefore had to adapt their buildings to these new constraints.

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<ul><li><a href="Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Christian monasticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Enclosed_religious_orders" title="Enclosed religious orders">Enclosed religious orders</a></li>

<li><a href="Former_Carmelite_Convent_at_Nantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Carmelite Convent at Nantes">Former Carmelite Convent at Nantes</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFEvangelisti2008" class="citation book cs1">Evangelisti, Silvia (2008). <i>Nuns: A History of Convent Life, 1450–1700</i>. <a href="Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">38–</span>39. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780199532056</bdi>. <q>Finally, irrespective of religious beliefs, convents remained a possible model for women—Catholic as well as Protestant—to pursue. In Protestant Germany, forms of female religious associative life did not die out, but instead survived in the shape of Protestant convents. These could be governed by a Lutheran abbess, and inhabited by Lutheran nuns in religious habits who claimed membership of a monastic order, paradoxical though this may seem.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2020" class="citation web cs1">Hunt, Julie (21 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/multimedia/monastic-life-_nuns--powerful-women-of-the-middle-ages/45905498">"Nuns: powerful women of the Middle Ages"</a>. <i><a href="Swissinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Swissinfo">Swissinfo</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Convents" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Convents">Convents</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Convent"><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Convent">"Convent" </a></span>. <i><a href="Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sistersofcarmel.org/">Carmelite Monastery of the Sacred Hearts</a> — an example of a modern-day convent</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Convent"><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Convent">"Convent" </a></span>. <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Consecrated_life_in_the_Catholic_Church422" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a> in the <a href="Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="Institute_of_consecrated_life" title="Institute of consecrated life">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Consecrated_virgin" title="Consecrated virgin">Consecrated virgin</a></li>

<li><a href="Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li>

<li><a href="Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institute</a>

<ul><li><a href="Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Orders</a>

<ul><li><a href="Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monastic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cenobitic_monasticism" title="Cenobitic monasticism">Cenobitic</a></li>

<li><a href="Chapter_(religion)" title="Chapter (religion)">Chapter</a></li>

<li><a href="Enclosed_religious_orders" title="Enclosed religious orders">Enclosed</a></li>

<li><a href="Idiorrhythmic_monasticism" title="Idiorrhythmic monasticism">Idiorrhythmic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">Canons regular</a></li>

<li><a href="Mendicant_orders" title="Mendicant orders">Mendicants</a>

<ul><li><a href="Second_order_(religious)" title="Second order (religious)">Second orders</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cleric_regular" title="Cleric regular">Cleric regular</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">Congregations</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">Secular institute</a></li>

<li><a href="Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">Society of apostolic life</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="Religious_vows" title="Religious vows">Vows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Evangelical_counsels" title="Evangelical counsels">Evangelical counsels</a>

<ul><li><a href="Vow_of_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="Vow of poverty">Poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="Vow_of_chastity" class="mw-redirect" title="Vow of chastity">Chastity</a></li>

<li><a href="Vow_of_obedience" title="Vow of obedience">Obedience</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Religious_profession" title="Religious profession">Profession</a></li>

<li><a href="Solemn_vow" title="Solemn vow">Solemn vow</a></li>

<li><a href="Vow_of_silence" title="Vow of silence">Vow of silence</a></li>

<li><a href="Vow_of_Enclosure" title="Vow of Enclosure">Vow of enclosure</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a><br>(<a href="List_of_abbeys_and_priories" title="List of abbeys and priories">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abbey" title="Abbey">Abbey</a></li>

<li><a href="Chapter_house" title="Chapter house">Chapter house</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloister" title="Cloister">Cloister</a></li>

<li><a href="Double_monastery" title="Double monastery">Double</a></li>

<li><a href="Hermitage_(religious_retreat)" title="Hermitage (religious retreat)">Hermitage</a></li>

<li><a href="Priory" title="Priory">Priory</a></li>

<li><a href="Refectory" title="Refectory">Refectory</a></li>

<li><a href="Scriptorium" title="Scriptorium">Scriptorium</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="Prayer_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Prayer in the Catholic Church">Prayer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Contemplation</a></li>

<li><a href="Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_meditation" title="Christian meditation">Meditation</a></li>

<li><a href="Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="Religious_habit" title="Religious habit">Habit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Clerical_clothing" title="Clerical clothing">Clerical clothing</a></li>

<li><a href="Cornette" title="Cornette">Cornette</a></li>

<li><a href="Scapular" title="Scapular">Scapular</a></li>

<li><a href="Vestment" title="Vestment">Vestment</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a>

<ul><li><a href="Superior_General_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior General (Christianity)">General</a></li>

<li><a href="Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li>

<li><a href="Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>/<a href="Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li>

<li><a href="Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a>/<a href="Prioress" class="mw-redirect" title="Prioress">Prioress</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li>

<li><a href="Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">Rector</a></li>

<li><a href="Brother_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother (Christian)">Brother</a>

<ul><li><a href="Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Basilian_monks" title="Basilian monks">Basilian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Religious_sister_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious sister (Catholic)">Sister</a>

<li><a href="Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anchorite" title="Anchorite">Anchorite</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a>

<ul><li><a href="Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li>

<li><a href="Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li>

<li><a href="Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lay_brother" title="Lay brother">Lay brother</a></li>

<li><a href="Porter_(monastery)" title="Porter (monastery)">Porter</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Asceticism#Christianity" title="Asceticism">Asceticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Foolishness_for_Christ" title="Foolishness for Christ">Foolishness for Christ</a></li>

<li><a href="Tonsure" title="Tonsure">Tonsure</a></li>

<li><a href="Vocational_discernment_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Vocational discernment in the Catholic Church">Vocational discernment</a></li>

<li><a href="Monastic_cell" title="Monastic cell">Monastic cell</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_religious_institutes" title="List of religious institutes">List of religious institutes</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ACatholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128397#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1406" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128397#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1406" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4401430-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85031689">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Couvents"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119780456">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Couvents"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119780456">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX524418">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000149126&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557815705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/9a7d2725-b6c9-45c1-bc8e-10c25f1ad438">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-17" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Convent&oldid=1286110065">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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